Caldono is located in the northern part of the department of Cauca, on the western slope of the western Andes mountain range. The most important river in the region is called Ovejas, which literally translates as sheep. This region presents high variability in its relief and the mountains are characterized by wavy shapes.
The ethnographic composition of the municipality is mainly indigenous. It is politically made up of 6 communities, 86 towns, 4 guards and 2 indigenous councils. These councils have their own dialect, customs, traditions and way of working typical of the Páez ethnic groups in Tierradentro.